Top College News Subscribe to the Newsletter

A (brief) case for contraception

Letter to the Editor

Published: Thursday, February 2, 2012

Updated: Thursday, February 2, 2012 22:02

There has recently been a lot of discussion about contraception and the Catholic Church's teachings. I wish to continue the discussion about the use of contraception started in "Contraception and dignity" by Mr. Damian, Mr. Lynch, and Ms. Stempky.

Firstly, the claim that sex with contraception somehow makes the intimacy less genuine, less fulfilling and less meaningful, is debatable. Sex with contraception can allow the partners to have a more intimate and meaningful experience. What if a married couple is not currently in a position to take up the responsibilities of raising a child? They would be free to take their intimacy to its deepest levels without worrying about an unintended pregnancy. If you are using Natural Family Planning to avoid an unintended pregnancy, how is that any different than using a contraceptive, so long as the couple is not going to terminate an unintended pregnancy? Using contraceptives allows people to focus on the intimacy of a moment.

Secondly, I strongly disagree with the claim that contraception destroys a woman's dignity. Contraceptives empower women and give them the ability to make a choice in her creative gifts. Without female contraceptives, a man has all the control (even if God plays a part in the creation of a child, the sperm still has to fertilize an egg) in the creation of a child. Contraceptives give women the ability to pursue careers and develop other natural talents that would be hindered by having to raise a large family.

Finally, all people make poor decisions, or put themselves in positions of making poor decisions. On a college campus, students who drink heavily are more likely to make poor decisions that they might not have made had they been sober. Contraception is one tool that helps prevent a poor decision, such as hooking up, from becoming a life-altering event. Does this mean that contraception encourages promiscuity? Maybe. But isn't it better to prevent an unintended pregnancy than to put two students in the difficult position of raising a child that they aren't ready to have?

John Galeziewski

junior

Siegfried Hall

Feb. 2

Recommended: Articles that may interest you

26 comments

Consistency
Tue Feb 7 2012 12:07
It is your opinion based on nothing in Church teaching that using artificial means to prevent new life is not immoral. The distinction has clearly been made between artificial means and natural means of avoiding conception, rather than as an application to other medical practices which do not prevent life.

Providing health care coverage for employees is only linked to birth control by government mandate. There is nothing good about obeying an unjust law. Birth control access is not a necessary condition of providing health care. The government attempting to mandate this is a separate issue.

Allowing violence against other persons is a violation of the Constitution as well. Your examples citing religious violence are therefore irrelevant.

Forcing insurance to cover birth control is a right? Based on what? No one is having access to birth control restricted. The issue at hand is another attempt by Obama to establish Federal authority over religious institutions. Your lack of understanding regarding the constitutional limits of government is scary. Indecent exposure laws are completely unrelated to health care mandates or conscience exemptions.

Since you're irrevocably beholden to the Obama administration feel free to defend his wars, tax cuts, Gitmo, the NDAA, or attempts to regulate the ordination of clergy.

You're clearly not engaged.

Kathryn
Tue Feb 7 2012 11:11
"First you claim that there is no difference, then you claim that the difference is irrelevant" Actually, I think I said more than once that there was no moral difference, or no relevant difference.

"If you truly need me to specify then using artificial means to prevent life is wrong and clearly distinguished from NFP." This is a restatement of the view we're debating, not a justification. I'm not disputing that's the view, I'm disputing that it's justified.

"There is no good intended in providing birth control outside of previously established constraints. Therefore the first stipulation of the doctrine of double effect is not met." As I already said, the good intended would be to comply with the law and to provide health insurance coverage to the community.

"Other than polygamy all the ridiculous examples to try to cite are clear examples of violence against another individual." I didn't say they weren't. I was disputing your general claim that limiting religious freedom is a violation of the constitution. As I already said, "There's a legitimate debate to be had about whether or not the right to insurance that covers contraceptives should be one granted by the government in such a way that limits the religious freedom of organizations. But it is certainly not the case that limiting religious freedom is per se unconstitutional."

"You repeatedly ignore the fact that the University prevents no one from obtaining birth control. They are infringing on no ones freedom." I'm not ignoring that. I'm pointing out that HHS has determined that insurance coverage that covers birth control is a right. Legally, if that holds, not preventing someone from obtaining birth control doesn't meet that demand. We have all sorts of legal rights that aren't about our freedom, e.g., indecent exposure laws.

"What does Obama have to do for you not to support him?" I suppose he'd probably have to say that he doesn't think contraceptive use is morally permissible. But on a serious note, if you want to have a respectful discussion, I'm happy to continue. If you want to try and insult me, as you have in your last two comments, I'm done engaging.

Consistency
Tue Feb 7 2012 08:33
First you claim that there is no difference, then you claim that the difference is irrelevant. If you truly need me to specify then using artificial means to prevent life is wrong and clearly distinguished from NFP.

The University only subsidizes contraceptives in very specific circumstances when the need is stated unequivocally and the use is not as a contraceptive. There is no good intended in providing birth control outside of previously established constraints. Therefore the first stipulation of the doctrine of double effect is not met. You're reaching desperately and there is no case to be made since no good is achieved by indiscriminately providing access to something that is primarily considered to be an evil by the Church except in very unique circumstances.

Other than polygamy all the ridiculous examples to try to cite are clear examples of violence against another individual. Polygamy is easily justifiable if we are going to legalize gay marriage. I personally believe that marriage is an important institution intended to benefit the raising of children but that is a whole separate issue. In many FLDS communities polygamy is still practiced independent of the state definition of marriage.

I assume you're claiming that the government has the authority to force organizations to provide all legalized medical procedures including abortion and euthanasia. You repeatedly ignore the fact that the University prevents no one from obtaining birth control. They are infringing on no ones freedom. The government should however be allowed to mandate how University funds are used? What does Obama have to do for you not to support him? How are Gitmo and all of those wars working out?

Kathryn
Mon Feb 6 2012 23:36
@Consistency, "You repeatedly ignore the fact that one method uses an artificial barrier and the other doesn't." Well, of course, I don't think I have. I thought I implied my thoughts on this, but since it wasn't clear: Yes, oral contraceptives alter a woman's fertility cycle via artificial means. But given that a. altering biological processes via artificial means is not itself wrong, b. interfering with one good for the sake of another is not itself wrong, c. altering your sexual practices for the sake of preventing pregnancy is not itself wrong, etc., etc., I don't see how oral contraceptives could be wrong given NFP isn't.

With respect to DDE, whether or not there's a case to be made depends on the act in question. If the act in question is merely subsidizing contraceptives, then of course there's a case to be made since the university already does it. The university wouldn't intend the outcome that students, faculty, and staff actually use it in ways that is contrary to church teaching, but merely intend to comply with the law and provide health insurance for its community members. I apologize for having shocked your sensibilities, but I think it's possible for a case to be made nonetheless.

With respect to whether or not forcing a religious group to act against its conscience is "a blatant violation of constitutional freedom"-are you saying that you think the FLDS should be allowed legal polygamy and child marriage? Do you think fanatical Muslims should be allowed honor killings? Of course you don't think that. There's a legitimate debate to be had about whether or not the right to insurance that covers contraceptives should be one granted by the government in such a way that limits the religious freedom of organizations. But it is certainly not the case that limiting religious freedom is per se unconstitutional.

Consistency
Mon Feb 6 2012 22:50
You repeatedly ignore the fact that one method uses an artificial barrier and the other doesn't. If you've actually studied NFP thoroughly and understand the amount of awareness required then you should quite obviously know that hormonal birth control interferes with that cycle. It would be impossible to track the body's cycle while using the pill since it prevents ovulation. This is pretty basic stuff. Are you sure you read Theology of the Body?

The doctrine of double effect clearly applies in cases where the University currently authorizes the subsidization of birth control since the intent is not to sterilize but is providing a health benefit with the unfortunate side effect of sterility. It clearly would not apply to the University purchasing it for a person who hypothetically does not intend to use it. This argument is so tenuous I'm shocked you even tried to make it. It applies none of the qualifications of the theory.

Do you understand what a separation of church and state entails? Forcing a religious group to act against its conscience is a blatant violation of constitutional freedom. The University is not preventing anyone from having access to birth control. The vast majority of Catholics, 90+% of US bishops, the Vatican, and the University recognize this. Stop trying to call yourself Catholic and accept that party politics are more important to you than religious beliefs or civil liberties. Feel free to continue defending Obama policies like the NDAA, his foreign wars, and his attempts to interfere with the ordination of clergy.

Kathryn
Mon Feb 6 2012 22:12
@Consistency, I'm already familiar with JPII's theology of the body. Nonetheless, I think a convincing argument that there's a moral difference between NFP and contraceptive use has yet to be made. If the difference really came down to marital teamwork, and deeper understanding of a couples bodies, the church could just stipulate that those are also perquisites of morally permissible contraceptive use (and of course, I would further say that any healthy sexual relationship ought to include teamwork and discipline, no matter whether one uses contraceptives or NFP).

With respect to DDE, I think there's a case to be made because the law requires ND to subsidize contraceptives, not to require anyone to take them for the purposes of preventing pregnancy. Purchasing them is not inherently wrong. ND already covers them for other medical purposes.

With respect to government intervention for the sake of individuals, well... The folks at HHS seem to think that insurance that covers contraceptives is now a right. We can dispute whether or not it should be, but that's a different question.

Regarding your response to Seriously Worried, are you sure about that? On a trip to Africa in 2009, the pope said that condoms would make the HIV situation there worse, not better. The only statement I know of where he implied that condoms would be the lesser of two evils was in reference to a male prostitute, where condom use (rather than infecting a client with aids) could be a step toward moralization.

Anonymous
Mon Feb 6 2012 22:04
Why don't you seriously worried take a theology or philosophy course on this issue?

The fact remains. ND should not be compelled to pay for birth control and abortions. Period.

Consistency
Mon Feb 6 2012 21:29
Kathryn,

Attitude obviously matters. NFP can certainly be abused if it is done with the wrong attitude. The difference with NFP is that it requires teamwork from the couple, a deeper understanding of the natural cycles of the body and the discipline to abstain during the required periods. Birth control causes an artificial barrier both physically and spiritually. Again, I would direct you to John Paul II's Theology of the Body.

Government intervention is only required to protect the rights of individuals. In this case no rights are being violated. All employees are completely free to purchase whatever methods of birth control they see fit. Forcing a Catholic entity to act contrary to its faith is clearly a breach of the separation of church and state. The doctrine of double effect clearly does not apply in this case because artificial contraception, abortofacients, and sterilization procedures are by no means considered morally neutral or good and are the primary aim of this legislation.

Seriously Worried,

Pope Benedict did not overtly endorse birth control but suggested that it might be the lesser of two evils in cases where the woman does not have complete autonomy over her body as is common in some African communities.

Kathryn
Mon Feb 6 2012 16:18
@Seriously Worried, according to Church teaching, condom use is not morally permissible even in such cases (though the Pope has said that condom use in certain kinds of cases--e.g., as used by a prostitute with HIV-- is better than certain alternatives, but that's not to say that it's permissible).

@Consistency, regarding the last part of your previous comment, I think it's obviously false that limitations on religious freedom are always bad, or an undue infringement on civil liberties (I think the FLDS is rife with examples of why we probably both would agree here). We can surely argue about the merits of this case, but I just don't think it's clear. And actually, I think one could make the case that Notre Dame insuring students, faculty, and staff for contraceptives might be permissible on the doctrine of double effect.

Seriously Worried
Mon Feb 6 2012 15:29
(Okay, so I am posting this in two different comment threads because I am actually quite interested in an answer.)
What about a situation in which someone has an STD and their spouse does not? Can the un-infected spouse reasonably be expected to have sex with their infected partner without the use of a condom to at least lower their chance of infection? I suppose one answer to this objection would be that they knew what they were getting into when they married someone with an STD, but even so, it seems to me to be... a somewhat extreme position to take (that someone married to a person with an STD has a moral obligation to expose themselves to the infection if they want to have sex with their husband/wife). Especially when one considers that the infected party possibly did not contract their illness through pre-marital sex (which is an argument I suppose one could make in response to this scenario). For instance, someone infected with HIV could have contracted it from their mother during birth or nursing. In such a scenario, it could not be construed in any way that the infection was the infected party's fault (if one is inclined to such assigning of blame). (Also, if one assumes from my questioning of this article that I am on the side of the university being forced to pay for contraception you would be wrong, just in case someone takes issue with the possibility of me thinking that.)
Kathryn
Mon Feb 6 2012 14:36
@Consistency, as I already said, I don't think the attitude argument holds because one can use contraceptives with the same attitude that one uses NFP. I don't think the place of god argument holds either (After all, sex during periods of infertility is purported to be just as non-generative as sex with contraceptive use, and if there is a god, god is fully capable of intervening in either scenario. While god may have given women their fertility, perhaps god has also given humans knowledge of biology). Again, unless we are referring to the fact that contraceptives make an effort to prevent the fertilization of eggs in a way that NFP doesn't. But if I thought the secondary abortifacient properties of oral contraceptives were evil in that they kill fertilized eggs by preventing them from implantation, I bet I would also think that intentionally having sex in such a way that would not likely prevent fertilization but would prevent implantation is just as bad (if not worse).
Consistency
Mon Feb 6 2012 14:20
Sure you can disagree with the Church's teaching on contraception. You haven't researched the teaching and JPII's theology of the body very thoroughly but you are entitled to your own opinion. The key difference rests on attitude and the place of God in the intimacy of a marriage of three. Most people are upset because they choose to ignore the Church's teaching on sexuality and do not like to be reminded that if they profess to be Catholic then what they are doing is wrong.

What there is absolutely no justification for regardless of your stance on birth control is trying to remove conscience clauses by forcing religious groups to act against their faith. If you place any value on civil liberties the gross abuse of federal authority should be clear.

Kathryn
Mon Feb 6 2012 11:41
@Consistency-- those are not my justifications, those are my responses to your comment. And the morning after pill is a form of oral contraceptive, so I'm not sure what that has to do with anything. As for why what you said would be an argument against NFP as well, I was referring to the implication in your comment that couples that want to have sex without getting pregnant are selfish. With respect to NFP, as I said anyone is welcome to look at my comments on the other letter, but I'll repost the jist of what I think here for your convenience since those comments are now a bit buried.

NFP is purported to be equally as effective as artificial contraceptives at preventing pregnancy. (There can be no difference then in the ends.) NFP and contraceptives can be used with exactly the same intent. (So intentionality can make no difference.) So, where is the wrong? Interfering with the natural biological process of the fertility cycle? But why would that be wrong? After all, it's not inherently wrong to interfere with natural biological processes (e.g., we can take antibiotics, have surgery, etc.). It can't be wrong just because contraceptives would be interfering with a good (procreation)-because after all, it's a good to see but it's not morally wrong to close my eyes for the sake of pursuing another good (relaxation, sleep, etc.), is it? And there are of course a multiplicity of goods in sex that a couple may want to pursue even if they are not ready to have children.

If it's not inherently wrong to interfere with one good for the sake of another, if it's not inherently wrong to interfere with biological processes, if it's not inherently wrong to intend to prevent pregnancy, where is the moral difference?

And furthermore, one might even make the case that since artificial contraceptives (oral contraceptives and condoms) are more likely to prevent fertilization (rather than just implantation), they're use might (and I think probably does) actually result in less loss of fertilized eggs (or less loss of life, if you prefer that phrasing).

Consistency
Mon Feb 6 2012 09:49
Kathryn,

How is birth control necessary for protection from rape when the morning after pill is available? Should birth control prescriptions only be made available to married couples who are facing financial difficulties or serious health risks? Those are the justifications you put forward.

Do you have a complete lack of understanding of NFP? The entire system is based on periods of abstinence or the exhibition of self control.

Anonymous
Sun Feb 5 2012 17:18
Anonymous 14:38, the Church teaches that we don't have the right to separate the unitive from the procreative. If a couple turns out to be infertile, it was not their action which effected that separation, and therefore the couple is not morally culpable (as they would be if they contracepted). The Church is has anticipated and addressed the scenario you describe.
Anonymous
Sat Feb 4 2012 14:38
The Church's stance that sexual intercourse should consist of both physical union and procreative power is ludicrous. If you consider it, an infertile couple engaging in sexual intercourse does not have the procreative power. According to this statement from the Church, this sexual union, even if between a husband and wife is wrong as the two two have become separated. This is simply ridiculous.

Therefore, I see no reason contraception should be objectionable, at least within marriage. Outside of it, it can be used as an easy way to become "loose," which I can see as a potential problem.

However, both by law and morality, I see no reason why the university should not distribute contraceptives, even if it is against their own views and they have to pay for it, it is a necessary part of health care.

Kathryn
Fri Feb 3 2012 22:57
@anon 17:38, feel free to look at my comments on the letter alleging that contraception is contrary to women's dignity for a fuller discussion of why I don't think there's a relevant moral difference.

@Consistency, so women are never raped? Women are never in a medical position such that pregnancy would be a serious threat to their health? Couples who want to delay pregnancy until they're in a better position to support a family are "selfish" if they want to be intimate with one another, or they just can't exhibit self-control? If what you said were true, it would also be an argument against NFP, but we already know that this is morally permissible according to the Catholic church.

Anonymous
Fri Feb 3 2012 17:38
"nor do you have to to think there is no morally relevant difference between contraceptive use and NFP. "

You don't have to think there is, but that's your argument. That's the best anyone ever comes up with. The ends justify the means, but they don't.

Consistency
Fri Feb 3 2012 15:28
"Without female contraceptives, a man has all the control (even if God plays a part in the creation of a child, the sperm still has to fertilize an egg) in the creation of a child. Contraceptives give women the ability to pursue careers and develop other natural talents that would be hindered by having to raise a large family."

Women can't say no? What the whole contraception debate really boils down to as with abortion is the desire of people to have sex without having to worry about the consequences (a potential child). Not being able to isolate sex from the spiritual and physical union of two souls is frustrating for individuals who do not want to exhibit self control. Ultimately the purpose of birth control is the selfish convenience so prevalent in our consumer culture. People want to be able to have casual sex without having to worry about having a child and they don't want to hear that according to their faith that is considered immoral.

Kathryn
Fri Feb 3 2012 15:27
I don't think most people are actually approaching this issue with that simple, or purely consequentialist, framework, nor do you have to to think there is no morally relevant difference between contraceptive use and NFP.






log out